Haj, Impairment for the Antiquity, q
Log of your American Chinese language Society 58: 235-40. Heading representations from Mani otherwise Manes, c. 216-276 Ce, are discussed, having idea of one’s heritage listed by al-Nadim (writing c. 987 Ce) that Mani are lame in feet or even in his proper foot. That heritage might be supported by retranslation off a phrase when you look at the the fresh Pahlavi Denkart (step 3.200, 1-13) (see Dinkard, above), using the name ‘broken’ or ‘crippled’ to help you Mani (pick less than, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).
Right here, based on Michael Dols, he chatted about “bodily infirmities eg skin conditions, lameness, paralysis, and you may deafness and private properties including baldness, leanness, and you will ugliness
Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr container Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [This new Lepers, the fresh Lame, the newest Blind, additionally the Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) was a respected, important and you may rather unsightly publisher with ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), from the Basra (now in Iraq), whoever work could have been much cited along the Arab industry. ” Their aim would be to demonstrate that “real infirmities and distinct features don’t obstruct one out of are a fully effective member of the Muslim neighborhood otherwise pub your regarding crucial workplaces. Al-Jahiz maintained that actual conditions are not public stigmas but are what is called signs and symptoms of divine blessing otherwise favor.” (Meters Dols, 1983, The brand new leper in the Medieval Islamic people. Speculum 58: 891-916, towards the p. 901) Despite his very own connection with bad personal responses, al-Jahiz in another of his best-understood performs, ‘The Wonders of Creation’, wrote harshly on personal areas of deafness. Apart from the deaf man or woman’s death of audio, “Individuals are bored stiff within his business and then he is actually a burden to them. He could be incapable of pay attention to some of the mans stories and you may conversations. Though introduce it’s as though the guy had been missing, and though live it is as if he were dead.” (quoted by the F. v., p. 159). Look for second items. A new commentator notes one “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is one of hard functions by Jahiz, and its own situation is close to unique inside historical Arabic literature. (There will not appear to be an enthusiastic English translation available at present).
JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Life within the Old Asia because the Represented throughout the Jain Canons. Bombay: Brand new Publication Business. Disorder and you may procedures, along with individuals disabilities, of Jaina sources (pp. 178-81). People with disabilities, including mental retardation, try omitted regarding signing up for spiritual requests (194). Find Tattvartha Sutra, below; plus next a couple of activities).
[JAINA Messages] Gaina Sutras interpreted out of Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, 2 vols, (1884 and 1895), SBE twenty-two & 45, Oxford: Clarendon. [The fresh new SBE collection utilized an enthusiastic italicised ‘G’ rather than ‘J’, without a doubt grounds. Right here ‘Gaina’ could have been reinserted on normal alphabetical acquisition getting benefits.] – The latest Akaranga Sutra (within the vol. I), off possibly the 5th century Le, provided education having a beneficial holy and you may innocuous existence. Disability and you can handicap appear, age.g. “toward break down of one’s perceptions of your ear canal, vision, organs out-of smell, tasting, pressing, a guy will get familiar with the new decline away from lives” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk We (2) 1]. Fruit out of wrong acts during the prior to life are: “Boils and you may leprosy, use, shedding infection, blindness and you can hardness, lameness and you will humpbackedness, Dropsy and you may dumbness, research! apoplexy (?) and you can vision-state, moving and crippledness, elephantiasis and you will diabetic issues, They are 16 ailment enumerated inside owed order; besides them of a lot conditions and you may wounds can be found.” (I: 54) [Bk I (6) 1.] Yet correct-minded people would be to take care to fool around with harmless terminology when fulfilling a person with such as conditions. It “shouldn’t speak of them similar to this: ‘He has boils or leprosy, etc [incorporating the new conditions found a lot more than]; their give is actually slashed, otherwise their foot, nose, ear canal, lip was cut.’ To have just like the most of the such people, spoken in order to in such code, become resentful, which, given well, they want to perhaps not communicate with them in such language.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) dos.] – New Uttaradhyayana Sutra (inside Vol. II) as well as cards handicap having age, “If for example the system expands old, as well as your locks converts white, the efficacy of your own ears decrease”, similarly on the sight, nostrils, tongue, reach (II: p. 44) [chapter X]. – This new Sutrakritanga Sutra (inside the Vol. II) says inside the passage the fresh new “blind-born people” (p. 243), and you will “men which walk-on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering once wedding was warned of one’s terrible disablement of that disease: getting ordered regarding the off beginning till midnight of the wife, while the remaining night soothing newborns and you will washing the nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks which take part in sensual delights are assured however tough pain once they die; after which it “was produced deaf-and-dumb, or blind [footnote: both blind of the birth, or absolutely stupid otherwise ignorant], otherwise foolish by the delivery.” (p. 363; similar toward pp. 367, 430) [Bk dos (2); and you can hvorfor liker hvite kvinner Dansk menn dos (7)].